Nerves and Immunity

The beautiful encounter between nerves and immunity

Recent advances in neurobiology and immunology research indicate that these two systems interact, and the nervous system can affect the immune system and immune cells, which in turn affects sensory and cognitive mechanisms.

 

The core meaning of survival is that the body can perceive and interpret the stimuli in the environment and respond appropriately to them. This is mainly the work of nerves and immunity. They can not only recognize and respond, but also adapt to the external environment by forming memories at the system and cell level.

 

Recent advances in neurobiology and immunology research indicate that these two systems interact, and the nervous system can affect the immune system and immune cells, which in turn affects sensory and cognitive mechanisms. In this picture show, by admiring some beautiful pictures, let us see the complexity of the interaction between the two systems and the artistic beauty of the collision between the two systems.

There are some pictures published in Trends in Neurosciences and Trends in Immunology, which are sub-journals of Cell, which are dedicated to exploring how neuroimmune effects are established and maintain the integrity of their own systems, and how they affect the occurrence of diseases and normal conditions like aging process

Among these neuroimmunology maps, each photo reveals a core problem in neuroscience.

 

Evidence of neurological and immune interactions

Fluorescence micrographs show the CD4 gene sequence in the meningeal lymphatics of multiple sclerosis model mice.

 

The brain also has immune channels

Recent research shows that the central nervous system has its own lymphatic network.

This network allows antigens and immune cells to drain from the brain and meningeal chambers deep into the neck lymph nodes.

 

Immune cells confess to the brain: life and death depend on each other

Although there are few immune cells from the adaptive immune system in the brain parenchyma, its surrounding environment, the meninges, is filled with a variety of immune cells to help the brain detect and defend against antigens and maintain normal brain function.

 

The "branch" of the brain

The central nervous system is like a gorgeous fairyland deep in the cell. The resident microglial cells of the brain under real-time imaging are like the owner of Alice in Wonderland. At the end, Alice runs desperately, but she can't leave the starting point.

In fact, microglia run around, but they still stay around the dendrites because of the microglia cells are dynamic mediators of synapse generation and plasticity formation.

 

Excited brain

Pictured: Laser scanning confocal microscopy observed that the CX3CR1gfp / + CCR2rfp / + rat's meninges after mild traumatic brain injury showed aggregation of activated macrophages (green) and monocytes (red and yellow). Astrocytes (white) accumulate in the lesion area to control the damage. This picture was taken 24 hours after the mouse trauma.

 

Macrophages and monocytes of the meninges are involved in the repair and inflammation of the meninges caused by brain damage. Astrocytes on the surface tend to migrate to the injured area.

 

Beautiful encounter in the brain

CX3CR1gfp / + CCR2rfp / + mice observed 2 hours after mild traumatic brain injury under a two-photon laser microscope showed that microglia (white) formed a honeycomb network between surviving astrocytes.

 

After brain injury, microglial cells undergo morphological changes along the glial boundary membrane, forming a honeycomb network around surviving astrocytes. It is said that a cellular network can separate necrotic tissue to restore the normal boundary of damaged brain tissue.

 

After the glorious sacrifice of astrocytes during injury, microglial cells resembling jellyfish take on the responsibility of astrocytes to fill the gaps to form a glial boundary membrane and clean up debris.

 

Gaze at the abyss

Human APP / β amyloid protein (red) detected in the AD model 5xfad / Cx3cr1-GFP adult mouse brain.

The activated microglial cell clusters gathered around the plaque.

 

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of senile dementia, and its main pathological feature is (Aβ) plaque formed by accumulation of pathological β-amyloid.

 

Memory crash

Microglia in the dentate gyrus (red, Iba1 staining. white, CD68, microglia lysosomal markers induce microglia activation) and 08-amyloid plaque (green, 6 e10 monoclonal human A08 ).

 

The dentate gyrus of hippocampus is an important structure of hippocampus formation and neurogenesis, which is thought to be damaged in the late stage of Alzheimer's disease.

 

There used to be a white blood cell and met a nerve cell. On the first day, Xiaobai and Xiaoner fell in love.

On the third day, they decided to stay together for life. But the small nerve can live for decades, and Xiaobai can only live for more than ten days. So he searched for the law of immortality.

So he finally found the secret for many years lost. So he went through hardships and disregarded the persuasion of the old white blood cells, so he finally succeeded, so he became a cancer.

 

How are nerve cells connected?

1. Neurons are the basic units that constitute the structure and function of the nervous system.

The cell protrusion is an elongated part extending from the cell body, and the cell protrusion can be divided into dendrite and axon.

Each neuron can have one or more dendrites that can receive stimulation and transfer excitement into the cell body.

Each neuron has only one axon, which can transmit excitement from the cell body to another neuron or other tissue.

 

2. The human brain is an intricate network system composed of nerve cells. These nerve cells communicate with each other through synapses.

Any sound, scenery, or physical activity, as long as it is new, will cause the dendrites and axons of certain neurons in the brain to grow and connect with other neurons to form a new network.

 

3. Researchers from the Department of Medical Sciences at the University of Victoria revealed the mystery by observing the growth of neurons in cell culture.

 

These are the photos of the researchers who recorded the dynamic growth of neural stem cells in a medium with a phase contrast microscope for 4 hours. They reveal the process of establishing dynamic growth between neurons through dendrites and synapses. The social behavior of these cells creates incredible consciousness properties of the brain.

 

4. Through the connection between synapses, different information is connected in the nervous system, which is the principle of human intelligent memory. Your brain is doing the same thing. When you memorize something or learn something, the neurons rewire and change constantly.

 

 Author's Bio

Name: Gwynneth May

Educational Qualification: MBBS, M.D. (Medicine) Gold Medalist

Profession: Doctor

Experience: 16 Years of Work Experience as a Medical Practitioner

About Me