E. coli. Escherichia Coli Bacteria Treatment and Symptoms

How to analyze Symptoms and Treat E. coli Escherichia Coli Bacteria?

Escherichia coli is a type of bacteria that is very closely related to our daily life. The scientific name is Escherichia coli, which belongs to a large group of enterobacteriaceae. It is a single-celled organism that is parasitic in the human large intestine and is harmless to the human body. It has a simple structure, rapid reproduction, and easy cultivation. It is a biologically important experimental material. Within hours of the baby's birth, E. coli settled in the intestine by swallowing.

What is the relationship between E. coli and people?

Under normal circumstances, most E. coli are very safe and self-serving, they will not bring any harm to our health, but can also resist the attack of pathogenic bacteria competitively, and also help to synthesize vitamin K2 Mutually beneficial symbiosis. 

Only under special circumstances such as reduced body immunity and long-term lack of irritation in the intestines, these ordinary people will make waves and move to places outside the intestine, such as gallbladder, urethra, bladder, appendix, etc., causing infections in the corresponding parts Or systemic disseminated infection. Therefore, most of the E. coli is usually regarded as an opportunistic pathogen medical education network 'collection.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of E. coli?

Escherichia coli is really beneficial and harmful, if under normal standards, E. coli has many benefits to the human body, can synthesize vitamins and promote metabolism. However, if the number of coliform bacteria exceeds the normal standard, it will cause severe abdominal pain, diarrhea, severe anemia, renal failure and other phenomena. If not treated in time, it may cause death.

Escherichia coli (scientific name: Escherichia coli, usually abbreviated as E. coli) is the most important and largest number of bacteria in the intestines of humans and animals, mainly in the large intestine. It is a kind of Gram-negative Brevibacterium with blunt ends, motility and no spores.

 Except for certain types of bacteria that can cause diarrhea, it is generally non-pathogenic and can synthesize vitamins B and K, which is beneficial to the human body. 

Its genus name Escherichia (Escherichia) comes from its discoverer Theodor Escherich. E. coli is a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family, and is often widely used in scientific research as a model organism of bacteria. 

Each person excretes an average of 1011 to 1013 E. coli from feces every day. Various fecal bacteria and similar bacteria that live in soil or plant degradation products (the most common being Enterobacter aerogenes, scientific name Enterobacter aerogenes) are classified as "coliforms." Technically, coliform bacteria are defined as all aerobic or facultative aerobic. 

e. coli use in the field of water purification and sewage treatment

In the field of water purification and sewage treatment, because E. coli is extremely abundant in feces, it is often used as a sign to check whether the water source is contaminated by feces. 

The measurement standard is the coliform index. In addition, E. coli is harmless in most cases and will not "escape" from the laboratory to harm humans. 

Using E. coli as an indicator of fecal contamination may also lead to misleading conclusions, because E. coli can also be present in large amounts in other environments such as paper mills. 

However, generally harmless E. coli can also cause disease in the following three situations:

 A strain of E. coli is a group with certain characteristics that can be distinguished from other columns. 

Different strains of Escherichia coli live in different animals, so we can judge the origin of feces from humans or birds.

 Through mutations, new strains of E. coli are constantly emerging, some of which may cause damage to host animals. 

Although for most healthy adults, such strains may only cause a diarrhea, or no symptoms at all, for young children, people who are recovering from serious illnesses, or people who are treated with certain medications, strange strains may cause Serious illness or even death. 

Which is the most studied bacteria in modern biology?

E. coli O157: H7 is a highly toxic strain. Escherichia coli is one of the most studied bacteria in modern biology. As a model organism, its genome sequence has been completely detected. 

The conclusions drawn by molecular biology methods in E. coli can be used for the study of other organisms. In addition, in bioengineering, E. coli is widely used as a host for gene replication and expression. 

1. When bacteria leave the intestine and enter the urinary tract, they can cause infections. Sexual intercourse can cause bacteria to enter the bladder, sometimes referred to as "honeymoon cystitis." Although urinary tract infections are more common in women, both sexes can occur. 

The proportion of males and females in the elderly is about the same.

Because bacteria always enter the urinary system through the urethra, unsanitary toilets increase the chance of infection, but other factors are also important (such as female pregnancy, male prostate hypertrophy), and some reasons are unknown. 

2. When bacteria enter the abdominal cavity due to perforations such as ulcers, it usually leads to fatal peritonitis infection).

However, E. coli is very sensitive to some antibiotics, such as streptomycin, in general antibiotics can be effectively treated. 

3. Certain strains of E. coli are toxic (some of which are similar to toxins that cause dysentery), which can lead to food poisoning, usually due to the use of contaminated meat (usually due to contamination during slaughter or storage and sales), Plus the food is not fully cooked to kill bacteria). 

The severity of the disease can vary widely, especially for children, the elderly, and immunocompromised patients, but it is usually mild. 

The endotoxin of E. coli may be heat stable or unstable. 

The structure and function of the latter is quite similar to that of cholera toxin, and the whole toxin contains one A subunit and five B subunits. 

The B subunit acts as an adhesion, allowing toxins to enter the intestinal cells, while the A subunit breaks out, dehydrating the cells and causing diarrhea.

Escherichia coli Scientific taxonomy: 

• Bacteria phylum: Proteobacteria
• Proteobacteria: Enterobacteriales
• Enterobacteriaceae: 
• Escherichia species: Escherichia coli E. coi

No good or no harm Bacteria

The bacterial phylum of Escherichia coli (dachangganjun) (Escherichiacoli). 

The cells are rod-shaped, with a diameter of about 1 micrometer and a length of about 2 micrometers. They are blunt at both ends and have flagella around the body and are movable.

Gram staining is negative and no spores are formed. The colony is round, white or yellowish white, smooth and shiny, low flat or slightly raised, with regular edges. One generation can be propagated by culturing for 20 minutes under optimal conditions. 

E. coli is a ubiquitous bacterium in the intestines of humans and warm-blooded animals. Generally living in the human large intestine is not pathogenic, and may play a role in the synthesis of vitamin K in the intestine. However, when it occasionally invades the appendix, gallbladder, abdominal cavity, or urinary system, inflammation may occur. 

Escherichia coli can be used in industry to prepare L-asparaginase, which is a kind of medicine with good effect on treating leukemia. 

It can also use its glutamate decarboxylase to determine the glutamate content. 

It is a suitable material for biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology in scientific research. 

In addition, in terms of water quality monitoring, according to its presence and quantity, it can be used as an important indicator for detecting water quality status and pollution level

We are always willing to imagine ourselves as a single individual, but it is more accurate if we regard ourselves as a dynamic collective. 

Now, there are more bacteria in your body than cells. Of course, these bacteria are not really part of your body. But the weight of adding all the bacteria is about 10% of your weight minus the water in your body. 

The bacteria may be small, but their number makes up for their volume. There are many bacteria on the surface of your body that are busy with their own affairs. So far, the number of bacteria on the surface of the digestive system is still the largest. Here, their number reached astronomical figures. 

In your lifetime, there are more individuals of E. coli that settle in your intestines than all people who have lived on earth. E. coli is just one of more than 400 common bacteria in the large intestine, and some yeast and protozoa are at the top of the list. Wait a minute! do not worry. This looks like a group of dirty things crawling around, but most of the bacteria in the large intestine are not annoying intruders. 

They are important guests we invite: they are your own bacteria. They can not only help you digest and process food, but also provide you with basic vitamins. 

Their role is also to help you fight against those harmful bacteria. They do these jobs only in exchange for food, a warm environment, and a place to breed (a relationship that benefits both parties is called a symbiotic relationship). 

As long as this arrangement works properly, you are basically unaware of the bacteria and their activities inside the body. But if their functions are not functioning properly, it is another matter. Keep going. 

Bacteria in the large intestine of the body live by decomposing the waste inside the small intestine. 

Because these things are not digestible, the human system refuses to deal with them. These bacteria are equipped with a series of enzymes and metabolism channels. In this way, they can continue to decompose the remaining organic compounds. 

Most of their work is to break down carbohydrates in plants. 

Most of the bacteria in the large intestine are anaerobic bacteria, meaning they live in the absence of oxygen. Instead of exhaling and exhaling oxygen, they obtain energy by breaking down large molecular carbohydrates into small fatty acid molecules and carbon dioxide. This process is called "fermentation". 

Some fatty acids are reabsorbed through the intestinal wall of the large intestine, which provides us with additional energy. The remaining fatty acids help bacteria grow quickly. Its speed can make them multiply every 20 minutes. Because they synthesize more vitamin B and vitamin K than they need, they are very generous in supplying them with excess vitamins to other creatures in this group and to you, their hosts. 

Although you cannot produce these vitamins yourself, you can rely on the constant supply of these friendly sources of bacteria to you. 

Scientists are just beginning to understand the complex relationship between the different bacteria in this group and their interaction with the host. This is a dynamic system, and as the host changes in diet structure and age, this system also makes corresponding adjustments. 

As soon as you are born, you begin to collect the type of bacteria you choose in your body. When your diet structure changes from breast milk to milk and into different solid foods, new bacteria will dominate your body. 

The bacteria that have accumulated on the wall of the large intestine are survivors after a difficult journey. Starting from the mouth through the small intestine, they are attacked by digestive enzymes and strong acids. Those bacteria that are safe after the trip will encounter more obstacles when they arrive. To grow, they must compete with bacteria already living there for space and nutrition. 

What are Bacteriocins?

Fortunately, these "friendly" bacteria are very skilled at sticking themselves to any available place on the wall of the large intestine. Some of these friendly bacteria can produce acids and antibacterial compounds called "bacteriocins". 

These bacteriocins can help defend against those annoying bacteria. Those friendly bacteria can control the number of more dangerous bacteria and increase people's interest in "pre-life" food. 

This food contains cultured bacteria, and yogurt is one of them. 

When you drink a bottle of yogurt, check the label to see which bacteria will be the next guests in your body. Remember, although it is still a good habit to wash hands before meals, not all bacteria are "pathogens". We should recognize the bacteria that support and protect us.

 Gram-negative Brevibacterium

Escherichia coli (E.coli) Gram-negative Brevibacterium, size 0.5 X 1 - 3 microns. Flagella all over the body, able to move without spores. It can ferment a variety of sugars to produce acid and gas. 

It is a normal resident bacteria in the intestines of humans and animals. After the baby is born, it enters the intestine with breastfeeding and is accompanied by the person for life. 

Its metabolic activity can inhibit microorganisms in the intestine that break down proteins Growth, reduce the harm of protein decomposition products to the human body, and can also synthesize vitamins B and K, as well as bactericidal colicin.

 It is not pathogenic under normal habitat conditions. But if it enters the gallbladder, bladder, etc., it can cause inflammation. Massive reproduction in the intestine, almost 1/3 of the dry weight of feces. Facultative anaerobic bacteria. In the case of poor environmental hygiene, it is often scattered in the surrounding environment with feces.

 If this bacteria is detected in water and food, it can be considered as an indicator of fecal contamination, and there may be intestinal pathogens. Therefore, the number of coliforms (or coliforms) is often used as a hygienic standard for drinking water and food (or medicine). 

The antigenic components of E. coli are complex and can be divided into bacterial antigen (O), flagella antigen (H) and surface antigen (K), the latter has the ability to resist phagocytosis and complement. 

According to the different bacterial antigens, E. coli can be divided into more than 150 types, of which 16 serotypes are pathogenic E. coli, often causing epidemic infant diarrhea and adult pleurisy. 

Escherichia coli is an important material for studying the genetics of microorganisms. 

For example, limited transduction was discovered in E. coli K12 strain in 1954. Lederberg (Lederberg) experimented with the auxotrophy of two strains of E. coli, laying the foundation for the study of bacterial conjugation methodology and genetic engineering research.

E. coli is the most important and largest number of bacteria in the intestines of humans and many animals, mainly in the large intestine. 

When it invades some parts of the human body, it can cause infections, such as peritonitis, cholecystitis, cystitis, and diarrhea. 

The symptoms of people infected with E. coli are stomach pain, vomiting, diarrhea and fever. Infection can be fatal, especially for children and the elderly. E. coli is a representative bacterium of Escherichia genus. 

It is generally non-pathogenic and is a resident bacteria in the intestines of humans and animals, which can cause extraintestinal infections under certain conditions. Some serotype strains are highly pathogenic and cause diarrhea, collectively referred to as pathogenic E. coli. 

The bacterium is more resistant to heat than other enterobacteria, and some bacteria still survive after heating at 55 ℃ for 60 minutes or 60 ℃ for 15 minutes. It can survive for weeks to months in natural water, and it can survive longer in feces with lower temperatures. 

Bile salt, brilliant green, etc. have an inhibitory effect on E. coli. It is sensitive to sulfonamides, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, etc., but is susceptible to drug resistance. 

It is obtained by transferring plasmids with R factor. Pathogenic Substances The pathogenic substances of Escherichia coli are settlement factors, namely the pilus and enterotoxin of E. coli.

In addition, the lipid A of the cell wall lipopolysaccharide is toxic, and the O-specific polysaccharide has a role against the host defense barrier. The K antigen of E. coli has phagocytosis. Diseases caused by E. coli:

1. Intestinal infections. Mostly endogenous infections, mainly urinary tract infections, such as urethritis, cystitis, pyelonephritis. Can also cause peritonitis, cholecystitis, appendicitis and so on. In infants, elderly frail, chronic wasting diseases, and extensive burns, E. coli can invade the bloodstream, causing sepsis. Premature infants, especially newborns within 30 days after birth, are susceptible to E. coli meningitis.

2. Acute diarrhea. Certain serotypes of E. coli can cause diarrhea in humans. Among them, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli can cause diarrhea in infants, young children and tourists, and mild watery diarrhea can also occur, which can also present severe cholera-like symptoms. 

Diarrhea is often self-limiting, usually recovers within 2 to 3 days, and malnourished persons can reach several weeks, and can also recur repeatedly. 

E. coli Pathogenesis

Enteropathogenic E. coli is the main pathogen of infantile diarrhea, which is highly contagious and can be fatal in severe cases.

After the bacteria invade the intestine, they mainly multiply in the upper part of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum.

 In addition, enterohemorrhagic E. coli can cause sporadic or fulminant hemorrhagic colitis, which can produce Shiga toxin-like cytotoxin.

 Examples Pathogens: E. coli O157: H7 is one of the types of E. coli. This kind of pathogen is common in the intestines of cattle isotherm animals. 

This type of E. coli releases a strong toxin and may cause severe symptoms in the intestinal tract, such as bloody diarrhea. 

What are the Symptoms of e. coli Bacterial infection?

 Patients may experience various symptoms, including severe watery diarrhea, bloody diarrhea, fever, abdominal cramps, and vomiting. In severe cases, acute kidney disease is more likely.

Children under 5 years of age are at higher risk for these complications. 

If not treated properly, it can be fatal. 

Route of transmission: This disease can be infected by drinking contaminated water or eating undercooked food (especially cured beef, hamburger steak and roast beef). 

Cases of infections caused by drinking or eating unsterilized milk, cheese, vegetables, juice and cheese have also been found. 

In addition, if the personal hygiene is not good, it may also be infected through the human-to-human route, or by eating food contaminated with feces. 

Incubation period: usually 3 to 4 days, but it can be as long as 9 days. 

What are the treatment methods for e coli infections?

 The clinical treatment methods for infection with E. coli O157: H7 are mainly supportive treatment.

If the patient has diarrhea, it is important to replenish the lost water and electrolytes. 

About 50% of patients with renal complications require special treatment or blood transfusion when acute symptoms appear.

The bacterial phylum of Escherichia coli (dachangganjun) (Escherichiacoli). The cells are rod-shaped, with a diameter of about 1 micrometer and a length of about 2 micrometers. 

They are blunt at both ends and have flagella around the body and are movable. Gram staining is negative and no spores are formed. The colony is round, white or yellowish white, smooth and shiny, low flat or slightly raised, with regular edges. 

One generation can be propagated by culturing for 20 minutes under optimal conditions. Escherichia coli is a bacterium that is ubiquitous in the intestines of humans and warm-blooded animals, and is the main bacterial species in feces.

 Generally living in the human large intestine is not pathogenic, and may play a role in the synthesis of vitamin K in the intestine. 

However, when it occasionally invades the appendix, gallbladder, abdominal cavity, or urinary system, inflammation may occur. 

Escherichia coli can be used in industry to prepare L-asparaginase, 

which is a kind of medicine with good effect on treating leukemia. 

It can also use its glutamate decarboxylase to determine the glutamate content. 

It is a suitable material for biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology in scientific research. In addition, in terms of water quality monitoring, according to its presence and quantity, it can be used as an important indicator for detecting water quality status and pollution degree.

The relationship between human body and Escherichia coli: under the condition of no pathogenicity (under normal conditions), it can be considered as a mutually beneficial symbiosis (this relationship is generally considered in high school); in the case of pathogenicity, it can be considered as parasitic. 

Application of E. coli in biotechnology: E. coli, as the host of foreign gene expression, has a clear genetic background, simple technical operation, simple cultivation conditions, and large-scale fermentation economy, which is highly valued by genetic engineering experts. 

At present, E. coli is the most widely used and most successful expression system. It is often the first choice for efficient expression.

E. coli has many virulence factors, including endotoxin, capsule, type secretion system, adhesins and exotoxins. Can cause extraintestinal infections, acute diarrhea, etc.

Author's Bio

Name: Gwynneth May

Educational Qualification: MBBS, M.D. (Medicine) Gold Medalist

Profession: Doctor

Experience: 16 Years of Work Experience as a Medical Practitioner

About Me