Symptoms of Diabetes. Manifestations and Types of Diabetes

What are the Symptoms of Diabetes?

Introduce you to the symptoms of diabetes, especially the early symptoms of diabetes. What are the symptoms of diabetes? What happens if I have diabetes?

Diabetes Manifestations

Early symptoms: hunger and polyphagia, numbness and trembling in hands and feet, fatigue, high blood pressure, whitish urine, eye fatigue, vision loss and weight loss

Late symptoms: lethargy, blindness, heart failure, myocardial infarction, diabetic foot, cerebral infarction cerebral hemorrhage, sexual dysfunction

Related symptoms: polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, weight loss, diabetes, increased blood sugar, fatigue, muscle atrophy, dullness, dry skin, intermittent claudication, plantar ulcers

I. Diabetes Symptoms

The symptoms of diabetes can be divided into two categories: one category is the performance related to metabolic disorders, especially the "three more and one less" related to high blood sugar, which is more common in type 1 diabetes, which is not very obvious or only Part of the performance; another category is the performance of various acute and chronic complications.

1. Polyuria

Typical symptoms: Large urine volume, up to 5000 - 10000ml in 24 hours, but the elderly and those with kidney disease, polyuria may not be obvious.

Because the blood sugar is too high and exceeds the renal glucose threshold (8.89 to 10.0 mmol / L), the glucose filtered by the glomeruli cannot be completely reabsorbed by the renal tubules, forming an osmotic diuresis. 

The higher the blood sugar, the more urine sugar excretion, the more urine volume, urine volume can reach 5000 - 10000ml in 24h. However, in the elderly and those with kidney disease, the renal glucose threshold is increased, and the urinary glucose excretion is impaired. 

When the blood sugar is moderately and moderately increased, polyuria may not be obvious.

2. More Drinking

Typical symptoms: There is increased Thirst, i.e. you often feel thirsty and drink more, drinking more will further increase polyuria.

Mainly due to hyperglycemia, the plasma osmotic pressure is significantly increased, coupled with polyuria, excessive water loss, intracellular dehydration, aggravating hyperglycemia, the plasma osmotic pressure is further significantly increased, stimulating the thirst center, resulting in thirst and drinking more. Drink more to further increase polyuria.

3. More Eating

Typical symptoms: anorexia, often feeling hungry and eating too much.

The mechanism is not very clear. Most scholars tend to have a decrease in glucose utilization (difference in glucose concentration in arterial and venous blood before and after entering and exiting tissue cells). 

In normal people, the difference in glucose concentration in arterial and venous blood decreases when fasting, which stimulates the feeding center and produces a sense of hunger. The center was excited, and the feeding requirement disappeared.

However, due to the absolute or relative lack of insulin or the insensitivity of tissues to insulin, the ability of tissues to take up and utilize glucose decreases.

Although blood glucose is at a high level, the difference in glucose concentration in arterial and venous blood is very small. The tissue cells are actually in a starved state, thereby stimulating the feeding center, causing hunger and eating more.

In addition, the body can not make full use of glucose, a large amount of glucose is excreted from the urine, so the body is actually in a state of semi-hunger, lack of energy also causes anorexia.

4. Weight loss

Typical symptoms: continuous weight loss, and obvious weight loss. The reasonable treatment of diabetes can be used to control weight loss and even rebound.

Despite the normal or even increased appetite and appetite, the weight loss of diabetic patients is mainly due to the absolute or relative lack of insulin or insulin resistance. 

The body cannot fully utilize glucose to produce energy, resulting in increased fat and protein breakdown, excessive consumption, and a negative nitrogen balance.

Weight gradually decreases, and even appeares to lose weight. Once diabetes has been properly treated and well controlled, weight loss can be controlled and even picked up.

If diabetic patients continue to lose weight or lose weight significantly during treatment, it may indicate poor metabolic control or other chronic wasting diseases.

5. Weakness

Typical symptoms: general malaise and mental depression.

It is also common in diabetic patients, because glucose cannot be fully oxidized, that is, the body cannot fully utilize glucose and effectively release energy.

At the same time, tissue dehydration, electrolyte imbalance and negative nitrogen balance, etc., so that the whole body is fatigued and mentally depressed.

6. Vision loss

Typical symptoms: decreased vision and blurred vision. If blood sugar is well controlled, vision can return to normal quickly.

Many diabetic patients complained of decreased or blurred vision at the early stage, which may be caused by the change of crystal osmotic pressure caused by hyperglycemia and the change of crystal diopter.

In the early stage, most of them are functional changes. Once blood sugar is well controlled, vision can return to normal quickly.

7. Complications

There are many complications of diabetes:

• Diabetic ketoacidosis
• Hyperosmolar nonketotic diabetic coma
• Diabetic lactic acidosis
• Diabetic skin infection
• Diabetic foot
• Diabetic gastroparesis
• Diabetic cardiomyopathy
• Diabetic heart disease
• Diabetes and Hypertension
• Diabetic nephropathy
• Diabetes complicated with urinary tract infection
• Diabetic neuropathy
• Diabetic peripheral neuropathy
• Myelopathy due to diabetes
• Diabetic retinopathy
• Uveitis associated with diabetes
• Diabetes and tuberculosis, etc.

Classification of Diabetes

Common types of diabetes include the following two types:

What is Type 1diabetes?

This is aso known as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or juvenile diabetes, is prone to diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). 

It is also called youth-onset diabetes, because it often develops before the age of 35, accounting for less than 10% of diabetes. 

Type 1 diabetes cannot produce insulin itself, so it is necessary to use foreign insulin for life.

What is Type 2 diabetes?

Is also called adult-onset diabetes, and it usually occurs after 35 to 40 years old, accounting for more than 90% of diabetic patients.

In type 2 diabetes, some patients are dominated by insulin resistance. Most of the patients are obese. 

Due to insulin resistance, insulin sensitivity decreases, and insulin in the blood increases to compensate for their insulin resistance. 

However, relative to the patient's hyperglycemia, insulin secretion is still relatively insufficient.

The early symptoms of such patients are not obvious, and macrovascular and microvascular complications can often occur before the diagnosis is confirmed. 

Diet therapy and oral hypoglycemic drugs are more effective. 

Another part of patients is mainly due to defects in insulin secretion, and clinically needs exogenous insulin supplementation.

How to Classify Diabetes on the basis of Grouping of people?

On the bsis of groups of people we can classify diabetes as:

1. What is Neonatal diabetes?

Medical diabetes is called neonatal diabetes within 6 months after birth, but the incidence is not high.

2. What is Pediatric diabetes?

Most of them are type 1 or insulin-requiring diabetes. They are endocrine and metabolic diseases caused by insufficient insulin secretion. 

They are mainly caused by disorders of carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism, causing high blood sugar and urine sugar. 

In the later stage, there are often vascular lesions, and eyes and kidneys are involved.

3. What is adult-onset diabetes among young people?

The 1997 ADA and 1999 WHO diabetes experts reported that it was classified as a special type, which is a type of diabetes caused by genetic defects in islet β cell function with single gene mutation.

4. What is Gestational Diabetes?

Is different degrees of hyperglycemia caused by abnormal glucose tolerance and diabetes during the pregnancy. 

According to its definition, this type of diabetes includes those that existed before pregnancy but were diagnosed during pregnancy and occurred during pregnancy.

5. What is Geriatric Diabetes?

The age concept of senile diabetes is currently not uniform. Domestically, people with diabetes over 60 years old proposed by the United Nations in 1980 are called senile diabetes; while some countries use the age of 65 as the dividing line.

Just discovered diabetes, do this, maybe you don not need to take hypoglycemic drugs

First read the key points with me, "Just discovered diabetes, do this, maybe you do n’t need to take hypoglycemic drugs", "do" means that all or most of the following suggestions should be implemented into life, not just one or two Article is easy to do.

Which body "signals" appear to indicate that diabetes is "deteriorating" and complications are coming?

Many people think that diabetes is not painful and itchy, nothing terrible, but you do not know how terrible complications of diabetes.

What are the Childhood Diabetes Symptoms?

Diabetes is a chronic disease with many complications at present, which is endangering the health of children. 

The early symptoms of diabetes in children are not obvious and difficult to find. Therefore, we must understand the common symptoms of diabetes early, find it in time, and treat it in time.

Diagnosis of diabetes requires "point-to-face integration"

In the current diagnosis of diabetes, the blood glucose index is still the main indicator for the diagnosis of diabetes. It is recommended that sugar friends test the glycated hemoglobin from 3 months to half a year.

Diabetic retinopathy bright "invisible killer"

Retinopathy, nephropathy and neurological disorders are known as the "three major complications" of diabetes. 

The blinding rate of diabetic retinopathy is very serious, and it is one of the four major blindness diseases in China.

Patients should be dealt with in time to avoid premature loss of vision.

Author's Bio

Name: Gwynneth May

Educational Qualification: MBBS, M.D. (Medicine) Gold Medalist

Profession: Doctor

Experience: 16 Years of Work Experience as a Medical Practitioner

About Me

NB The above information is for reference only, please consult your doctor for details.