What are the Symptoms of Diabetes?
Introduce you to the symptoms of diabetes, especially the
early symptoms of diabetes. What are the symptoms of diabetes? What happens if
I have diabetes?
Diabetes Manifestations
Early symptoms: hunger and polyphagia, numbness and trembling
in hands and feet, fatigue, high blood pressure, whitish urine, eye fatigue,
vision loss and weight loss
Late symptoms: lethargy, blindness, heart failure, myocardial
infarction, diabetic foot, cerebral infarction cerebral hemorrhage, sexual
dysfunction
Related symptoms: polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, weight
loss, diabetes, increased blood sugar, fatigue, muscle atrophy, dullness, dry
skin, intermittent claudication, plantar ulcers
I. Diabetes Symptoms
The symptoms of diabetes can be divided into two categories:
one category is the performance related to metabolic disorders, especially the
"three more and one less" related to high blood sugar, which is more
common in type 1 diabetes, which is not very obvious or only Part of the
performance; another category is the performance of various acute and chronic
complications.
1. Polyuria
Typical symptoms: Large urine volume, up to 5000 - 10000ml in
24 hours, but the elderly and those with kidney disease, polyuria may not be
obvious.
Because the blood sugar is too high and exceeds the renal
glucose threshold (8.89 to 10.0 mmol / L), the glucose filtered by the
glomeruli cannot be completely reabsorbed by the renal tubules, forming an
osmotic diuresis.
The higher the blood sugar, the more urine sugar excretion,
the more urine volume, urine volume can reach 5000 - 10000ml in 24h. However,
in the elderly and those with kidney disease, the renal glucose threshold is
increased, and the urinary glucose excretion is impaired.
When the blood sugar
is moderately and moderately increased, polyuria may not be obvious.
2. More Drinking
Typical symptoms: There is increased Thirst, i.e. you often feel thirsty and drink more, drinking
more will further increase polyuria.
Mainly due to hyperglycemia, the plasma osmotic pressure is
significantly increased, coupled with polyuria, excessive water loss,
intracellular dehydration, aggravating hyperglycemia, the plasma osmotic
pressure is further significantly increased, stimulating the thirst center,
resulting in thirst and drinking more. Drink more to further increase polyuria.
3. More Eating
Typical symptoms: anorexia, often feeling hungry and eating
too much.
The mechanism is not very clear. Most scholars tend to have a
decrease in glucose utilization (difference in glucose concentration in
arterial and venous blood before and after entering and exiting tissue cells).
In normal people, the difference in glucose concentration in arterial and
venous blood decreases when fasting, which stimulates the feeding center and
produces a sense of hunger. The center was excited, and the feeding requirement
disappeared.
However, due to the absolute or relative lack of insulin or
the insensitivity of tissues to insulin, the ability of tissues to take up and
utilize glucose decreases.
Although blood glucose is at a high level, the
difference in glucose concentration in arterial and venous blood is very small. The tissue cells are actually in a starved state, thereby stimulating the feeding center, causing hunger and eating more.
In
addition, the body can not make full use of glucose, a large amount of glucose
is excreted from the urine, so the body is actually in a state of semi-hunger,
lack of energy also causes anorexia.
4. Weight loss
Typical symptoms: continuous weight loss, and obvious weight
loss. The reasonable treatment of diabetes can be used to control weight loss
and even rebound.
Despite the normal or even increased appetite and appetite,
the weight loss of diabetic patients is mainly due to the absolute or relative
lack of insulin or insulin resistance.
The body cannot fully utilize glucose to
produce energy, resulting in increased fat and protein breakdown, excessive
consumption, and a negative nitrogen balance.
Weight gradually decreases, and
even appeares to lose weight. Once diabetes has been properly treated and well
controlled, weight loss can be controlled and even picked up.
If diabetic
patients continue to lose weight or lose weight significantly during treatment,
it may indicate poor metabolic control or other chronic wasting diseases.
5. Weakness
Typical symptoms: general malaise and mental depression.
It is also common in diabetic patients, because glucose
cannot be fully oxidized, that is, the body cannot fully utilize glucose and
effectively release energy.
At the same time, tissue dehydration,
electrolyte imbalance and negative nitrogen balance, etc., so that the whole
body is fatigued and mentally depressed.
6. Vision loss
Typical symptoms: decreased vision and blurred vision. If
blood sugar is well controlled, vision can return to normal quickly.
Many diabetic patients complained of decreased or blurred
vision at the early stage, which may be caused by the change of crystal osmotic
pressure caused by hyperglycemia and the change of crystal diopter.
In the
early stage, most of them are functional changes. Once blood sugar is well
controlled, vision can return to normal quickly.
7. Complications
There are many complications of diabetes:
- Diabetic ketoacidosis
- Hyperosmolar nonketotic diabetic coma
- Diabetic lactic acidosis
- Diabetic skin infection
- Diabetic foot
- Diabetic gastroparesis
- Diabetic cardiomyopathy
- Diabetic heart disease
- Diabetes and Hypertension
- Diabetic nephropathy
- Diabetes complicated with urinary tract infection
- Diabetic neuropathy
- Diabetic peripheral neuropathy
- Myelopathy due to diabetes
- Diabetic retinopathy
- Uveitis associated with diabetes
- Diabetes and tuberculosis, etc.
Classification of Diabetes
Common types of diabetes include the following two types:
What is Type 1diabetes?
This is aso known as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or
juvenile diabetes, is prone to diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).
It is also called
youth-onset diabetes, because it often develops before the age of 35,
accounting for less than 10% of diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes cannot produce
insulin itself, so it is necessary to use foreign insulin for life.
What is Type 2 diabetes?
Is also called adult-onset diabetes, and it usually occurs
after 35 to 40 years old, accounting for more than 90% of diabetic patients.
In
type 2 diabetes, some patients are dominated by insulin resistance. Most of the
patients are obese.
Due to insulin resistance, insulin sensitivity decreases,
and insulin in the blood increases to compensate for their insulin resistance.
However, relative to the patient's hyperglycemia, insulin secretion is still
relatively insufficient.
The early symptoms of such patients are not obvious, and
macrovascular and microvascular complications can often occur before the
diagnosis is confirmed.
Diet therapy and oral hypoglycemic drugs are more
effective.
Another part of patients is mainly due to defects in insulin
secretion, and clinically needs exogenous insulin supplementation.
How to Classify Diabetes on the basis of Grouping of people?
On the bsis of groups of people we can classify diabetes as:
1. What is Neonatal diabetes?
Medical diabetes is called neonatal diabetes within 6 months
after birth, but the incidence is not high.
2. What is Pediatric diabetes?
Most of them are type 1 or insulin-requiring diabetes. They
are endocrine and metabolic diseases caused by insufficient insulin secretion.
They are mainly caused by disorders of carbohydrate, protein and fat
metabolism, causing high blood sugar and urine sugar.
In the later stage, there
are often vascular lesions, and eyes and kidneys are involved.
3. What is adult-onset diabetes among young people?
The 1997 ADA and 1999 WHO diabetes experts reported that it
was classified as a special type, which is a type of diabetes caused by genetic
defects in islet β cell function with single gene mutation.
4. What is Gestational Diabetes?
Is different degrees of hyperglycemia caused by abnormal
glucose tolerance and diabetes during the pregnancy.
According to its
definition, this type of diabetes includes those that existed before pregnancy
but were diagnosed during pregnancy and occurred during pregnancy.
5. What is Geriatric Diabetes?
The age concept of senile diabetes is currently not uniform.
Domestically, people with diabetes over 60 years old proposed by the United
Nations in 1980 are called senile diabetes; while some countries use the age of
65 as the dividing line.
Just discovered diabetes, do this, maybe you don not need to
take hypoglycemic drugs
First read the key points with me, "Just discovered
diabetes, do this, maybe you do n’t need to take hypoglycemic drugs",
"do" means that all or most of the following suggestions should be
implemented into life, not just one or two Article is easy to do.
Which body "signals" appear to indicate that diabetes is "deteriorating" and complications are coming?
Many people think that diabetes is not painful and itchy,
nothing terrible, but you do not know how terrible complications of diabetes.
What are the Childhood Diabetes Symptoms?
Diabetes is a chronic disease with many complications at
present, which is endangering the health of children.
The early symptoms of
diabetes in children are not obvious and difficult to find. Therefore, we must
understand the common symptoms of diabetes early, find it in time, and treat it
in time.
Diagnosis of diabetes requires "point-to-face integration"
In the current diagnosis of diabetes, the blood glucose index
is still the main indicator for the diagnosis of diabetes. It is recommended
that sugar friends test the glycated hemoglobin from 3 months to half a year.
Diabetic retinopathy bright "invisible killer"
Retinopathy, nephropathy and neurological disorders are known
as the "three major complications" of diabetes.
The blinding rate of
diabetic retinopathy is very serious, and it is one of the four major blindness
diseases in China.
Patients should be dealt with in time to avoid premature
loss of vision.
Author's Bio
Name: Gwynneth May
Educational Qualification: MBBS, M.D. (Medicine) Gold Medalist
Profession: Doctor
Experience: 16 Years of Work Experience as a Medical Practitioner
NB The above information is for reference only, please
consult your doctor for details.
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